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A transnational political party is a single political party with members or representatives in more than one country.

A well-known example is the Arab Baath Socialist Party, established as an Arab nationalist and socialist party aspiring to pan-Arab political union. The party's central governing body, the National Command, included representatives from its organisations in all the Arab countries where it had a significant presence; in each country, its local governing body was termed the Regional Command. Although the party split in 1966, with different factions taking control in Syria and Iraq, each faction retained a pan-Arab structure. Nevertheless, in practice the dominance in each faction of the ruling party in one state resulted in practical power becoming centred in the Syrian and Iraqi regional commands and the National Command of each faction assuming a more symbolic role.

Another example is Sinn Féin, which has 5 Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom Parliament, and 5 TDs in the Irish Dáil Éireann.

In a broad sense, global movements such as communism, socialism and the green movement have some transnational qualities, but in most cases the party organization is separate in each country, with the transnational aspect being one more of consultatation and coordination (see Comintern). An exception to this rule is the Progressive Labor Party of the United States, which views the Marxist interpretation of internationalism as requiring that they set up party collectives all over the globe, thereby expediting the process of World revolution.